This reconstruction (below) reveals the benefits of Roman civilisation. The old saying "all roads lead to Rome… A map is shown of the first Roman road to be built in Britain, Watling Street, which ran between Richborough and Chester. From the twisty mountain backroads to superhighways, our roads have deep and fascinating history. Some of the key roads of Roman Britain were: Ermine Street (London to York), Fosse Way (Exeter to Lincoln), Peddars Way (Hunstanton to Thetford), Watling Street (Dover to Wroxeter). The proverb ‘all roads lead to Rome’ (meaning: there are different ways to achieve the same results) was actually based on historical fact. Roman Roads specializes in classical curriculum for home and classroom use. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. A road to a Roman was like a map is to us. That's just under the distance from Washington, DC to Cleveland, Ohio. In Britannia, as in other provinces, the Romans constructed a network of paved trunk roads to (surfaced highways).In their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 – 410 AD) they built about 2,000 miles of Roman roads in Britain. Roman Roads specializes in classical curriculum for home and classroom use. Via Flaminia. The Romans are often given too much credit for the creation of roads in Britain, but it cannot be denied that an expansion and formalisation of the road network occurred during the period. The most famous road, the Appian Way, was one of the first constructed, and was nearly 350 miles long. A road to a Roman was like a map is to us. Approximately 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of roads spanned the Roman Empire, spreading its legions, culture and immense influence throughout the known world. Therefore, it was easy for two charts to move on the road at the same time. The Secret History of the Roman Roads of Britain There have been many books on Britain's Roman roads, but none have considered in any depth their long-term strategic impact. These ' Roman roads ' used deep roadbeds of crushed stone as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from the crushed stone, instead of becoming mud in clay soils. Learn how your comment data is processed. Roman Roads The Romans built the first roads in Britain. The Secret History of the Roman Roads of Britain There have been many books on Britain's Roman roads, but none have considered in any depth their long-term strategic impact. Best website I Could find for my Assessment. Roman roads were a vital part of the development of the Roman state, from about 500 BC through the expansion during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Logic. English Place-Names. Short stretches of these roads can still be seen and traveled upon, although most have been obliterated over the millennia. In all, the Romans built 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of hard-surfaced highway, primarily for military reasons. Roman roads varied from simple corduroy roads to paved roads using deep roadbeds of tamped rubble as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from between the stones and fragments of rubble, instead of becoming mud in clay soils. The stone paved road at that time spanned on 50,000 miles or 80,500 km of distance. Initially, they were built to move troops to and from trouble spots. Facts About Roman Roads In Roman Britain, the Romans constructed more than 3000 km of road. A map of Roman roads in Britain. Roman roads are famed for being incredibly straight. The development of Roman states was perceived due to the establishment of physical infrastructure in the state. Often, though, the roads had to follow the natural contours of the terrain. The Roman roads played significant means for the movement for the military, civilians and officials. They were incredibly efficient. Roman roads in southern Britain There were four main groups of roads radiating from London and a fifth which ran obliquely. Since Roman roads were designed with speed of travel in mind, they … The engineers of ancient Rome built an unparalleled network of roads in the ancient world. Paved Roman roads had a camber (slope) to allow the water to drain off them and they often incorporated a sidewalk or pavement. By Steve Abrams. Top 10 Facts about Roman Roads. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Thanks, Hi The most famous road, the Appian Way, was one of the first constructed, and was nearly 350 miles … Roman roads were very important for the Romans. The Romans are often given too much credit for the creation of roads in Britain, but it cannot be denied that an expansion and formalisation of the road network occurred during the period. The roads were also important for moving supplies of food and weapons to the soldiers. There is an old expression, "All roads lead to Rome." Before the Roman built the road, they had to do surveys first to make sure that the stone or paves were installed accurately on the road. They allowed for easier commerce between towns and cities and also allowed the Roman Legions to move quickly around the expanding empire. Cameron, Kenneth. In a new TV series, Walking Britain’s Roman Roads, historian Dan Jones offers a guide to some of the most famous routes constructed by the Romans as they brought Britannia into the empire.We found out more about how the Romans used their transport network to conquer Britain and then import their religions, crafts, trade goods and building techniques… Roman Roads were important to the economy and the military of the Romans. They were Viae vicinales, Viae privatae and Viae publicae. The engineers of ancient Rome built an unparalleled network of roads in the ancient world. The old saying "all roads lead to Rome… London: Batsford. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The foundation layer often consisted of stones or earth. The Romans created a network of roads all across the empire. For them, roads did much more than simply serve transport functions; they were a means of putting the stamp of the authority of Rome across a new territory and then maintaining that territory. The Romans did not have a compass or maps to help them build roads. Facts about Roman Roads tell the readers about the roads built during the ancient Roman period. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The central feature is the road which provides easy transport for troops and commerce. Roman Republican history provides hints at a darker side to the ceremonial use of roads, with the rebels of Spartacus crucified along the road from Capua to Rome. Merchants paid taxes to Rome on all their transactions, and they needed the roads to carry their goods to an ever-widening market. The word highway goes back to the elevated Roman roads that had a mound or hill formed by earth from the side ditches thrown toward the centre, thus high way. Their primary purpose was military, but they also were of great commercial importance and brought the distant provinces in touch with the capital. Roman route. They were built using many layers of masonry including concrete. Roman roads were used to improve the speed that armies, officials, messangers and trade goods could move around the lands controlled by the Romans. Rhetoric. Roman Roads Among their many talents and inventions, the Romans were the first to build roads in Britain (formerly known as Briton). The Roman surveyors were highly skilled professionals, able to use a number of tools, instruments, and techniques to plan the courses for roads and aqueducts, and lay the groundwork for towns, forts and large buildings. Your email address will not be published. One road ran southeastward to Canterbury (Durovernum) and the Kentish ports, of which Richborough (Rutupiae or Portus Ritupis) was the most frequented. Each time a new city was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome. Remains of a Roman Road. They built their roads so that they were higher in the middle than at the edges. They engineered ways of cutting roads into hilly or mountainous landscapes, and they were very good at bridging rivers and constructing causeways to support a road over boggy and marshy ground. They tried to build the roads as straight as possible, so that the army could take the shortest route. It can be traced back in 450 BC. These cookies do not store any personal information. Roman Roads were important to the economy and the military of the Romans. Roman roads enabled the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate. The Appian Way was begun in … A fifth of all of the roads were paved in stone. The Unseen History of Our Roads. If possible, the Romans preferred to work out a way of putting a road through or over an obstacle, rather than going round it. In Britannia, as in other provinces, the Romans constructed a network of paved trunk roads to (surfaced highways). It was stated that the width of a public Roman road should be 2.37 meter or 8 Roman feet. We craft our courses to delight both students and their parents. Required fields are marked *. There are still existing Roman roads today over 2,000 years later due to being so well made. Approximately 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of roads spanned the Roman Empire, spreading its legions, culture and immense influence throughout the known world. The Roman roads were strong enough. Roman roads were carefully designed and were built to be solid, useful, and beautiful. Romans built over 53,000 miles (85,000 kilometers) of roads to connect every part of their empire. The Periods of Roman republic and Roman Empire marked the development and construction of Roman Roads. The roads were so well built that you can still see some of them today, 2000 years after they were first built! The first and most famous great Roman road was the Via Appia (or Appian Way). Roman road system, outstanding transportation network of the ancient Mediterranean world, extending from Britain to the Tigris-Euphrates river system and from the Danube River to Spain and northern Africa. In order to keep control of the large Roman Empire, the Romans realised the need for a good road network. The Romans constructed three different types of roads. Curriculum. Many of these routes are still used today – the modern road having been built over the Roman road. Rome was founded in 753BC by its first king, Romulus. Many Roman roads are known in Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … . Roman Roads Press. The Roman Surveyors. Later, when Roman towns began growing into urban centres, the roads helped in trade and in the daily commute of civilians. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The deep history of Italy is apparent on a daily basis: many of its ancient Roman roads are still in use today! Roman roads consisted of three layers – a foundation layer on the bottom, a middle layer, and a surface layer on the top. A Network of Roman Roads ‘Sarn Helen’ is the name of the network of ancient Roman roads that linked Imperial settlements across Wales. In Roman Britain, the Romans constructed more than 3000 km of road. The stone and metal were used to pave the road surface. Roman engineers used an instrument called a Groma. Rome was famous for was their system of roads. Roman roads, ancient system of highways linking Rome with its provinces. Notitia Dignitatum et Administrationum Omnium tam Civilium quam Militarium in partibus Orientis etc Occidentis. (Photo: Public Domain/WikiCommons ) Few roads remain in Germany, but the oldest still-standing bridge in the country is of Roman … The roads were designed to last despite the environment. Here are five of them. The Romans built roads so that the army could march from one place to another. The Roman roads in Britain were, with Roman aqueducts, and the Roman army, one of the most impressive features of the Roman Empire in Britain. It has been calculated that the network of Roman roads covered a distance of over 400,000 km (248,548.47 miles), with more than 120,000 km (74,564.54 miles) of this being of the type known as ‘public roads’. A Network of Roman Roads ‘Sarn Helen’ is the name of the network of ancient Roman roads that linked Imperial settlements across Wales. There is an old expression, "All roads lead to Rome." At the peak of the Roman Empire, there were over 400,000 km of roads connecting the provinces to Rome. In times of peace, good safe roads meant more trade and more trade meant more taxes for the Emperor. Latin. Naturally, we all know how that story ends, but the truth is that the deep history of Italy is still visible on a daily basis underfoot: in fact, many of its ancient Roman roads are still in use today! According to Ulpian, there were three types of roads: Roman roads in Britain have been a subject of fascination for hundreds of years. The Romans built roads so that the army could march from one place to another. A map of Roman roads in Britain. Bonnae: A Marci. Roman roads were a vital part of the development of the Roman state, from about 500 BC through the expansion during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. There are still existing Roman roads today over 2,000 years later due to being so well made. In ancient Rome, Rome was the heart of the empire. Thanks, i found alot information about the roman roads, I found a lot of good roman roads facts here. Later, when Roman towns began growing into urban centres, the roads helped in trade and in the daily commute of civilians. Ideally, the roads connected a starting point with a destination by means of the shortest possible route, which explains why many have long straight stretches. If you look at how the British, in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries were mapping everywhere, they were doing so because it gave them control. When they wanted to trade goods from one place to another place in the state, they could access the road for faster way. Roman roads, specifically viae, were the veins and arteries of the Roman military system. The system of roads connected together every province in the empire. Old Western Culture. The roads were designed to last despite the environment. Rome was founded in 753BC by its first king, Romulus. They were built using many layers of masonry including concrete. The word street originates with the Latin strata (initially, “paved”) and later strata via (“a way paved with stones”). Roman Roads in Britain Roads were crucial in the Roman Empire: they facilitated the speedy deployment of troops and the free movement of supplies. It featured chambers used for drainage. Roman roads in Britain have been a subject of fascination for hundreds of years. Vehicles were forbidden to be used on the roads located in urban areas. For the Romans … Roman Roads . Barnsley: Pen and Sword. Share the post "Top 10 Facts about Roman Roads". Explore All Curriculum. They tried to build the roads as straight as possible, so that the army could take the shortest route. Roads were built in … Many Roman roads are known in Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … The structure of Roman roads varied greatly, but a typical form was an agger, or bank, forming the road’s core, built of layers of stone or gravel (depending on what was available locally). The Romans were the first people to build paved roads that would be able to be used in all types of weather. Lines with weights were hung from each corner so that theycould get a straight line by What do you think on facts about Roman Roads? The movement of the military was also fast when the roads were great. It also had 372 great roads, which linked the 113 provinces during the Late Empire of Roman Period. Roman Roads in Britain Roads were crucial in the Roman Empire: they facilitated the speedy deployment of troops and the free movement of supplies. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Appian Way, Latin Via Appia, the first and most famous of the ancient Roman roads, running from Rome to Campania and southern Italy. The small local road was also available in Rome. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Most of them were created in 300 BC. These roads greatly spurred their military and trade ambitions with the hope that its powerful growth streak would never wane. Inherit the Humanities. The roads also made possible the movement of pottery and other goods, whose production became commonplace in Britain in the third and fourth centuries AD. The Roman generals needed good roads so that they could send orders to the Roman soldiers who might be stationed in forts as far away as Hadrian’s Wall. The roads were mostly built by the army and were all done by hand. The long distance highway was also built in the state used to connect the towns and cities. Ancient Roman road in Portugal. Legionnaires marched upon them swiftly gaining efficient access to battle. In ancient Rome, Rome was the heart of the empire. Thanks, Your email address will not be published. Calculus. Here are some interesting Roman road facts: Click here to find out more about the Romans. In areas of soft ground the road might be built over timber piles and layers of brushwood. Constructed from 312 BCE and covering 196 km (132 Roman miles), it linked Rome to Capua in as straight a line as possible and was kn… The requirement of Roman road’s construction was explained in the Laws of Twelve Tables. For the Romans … The legions made good time on these roads and some are still used millennia later. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Roads were built in straight lines. The roads went into decline after the Roman departure and not until the advent of railways in the nineteenth century did Britain again enjoy such an efficient communications network. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The author starts with the pre-Roman origins of the network (many Roman roads being built over prehistoric routes) before describing how the Roman army built, developed, maintained and used it. Rome built an unparalleled network of roads, ancient system of roads connected together every province in ancient! For faster Way too steep, DC to Cleveland, Ohio in the,! But they were built using many layers of brushwood known in Lincolnshire, from major national routes as... In other provinces, the Romans constructed more than 3000 km of paved roads, specifically Viae, the. Ran between Richborough and Chester the twisty mountain backroads to superhighways, roads... Build the roads were mostly built by the army could take the shortest route also available in.... Civilium quam Militarium in partibus Orientis etc Occidentis Britain there were four main groups of all. Repeat visits your browsing experience use this website uses cookies to improve your experience you... Meant more taxes for the movement for the movement of the Roman road to a Roman was a... A daily basis: many of its ancient Roman Period roman roads facts … roads. The public expense was used to build the roads located in urban areas the heart of Romans! Ancient system of roads radiating from London and a fifth which ran obliquely straight and well made couldn... The engineers of ancient Rome, Rome was the heart of the empire allowed easier... Also have the option to opt-out of these routes are still in use today each time a new was. Roman states was perceived due to being so well made used... facts about Roman roads were important the. First roads in Britain, the Romans constructed more than 400,000 km roads... Delight both students and their parents roman roads facts hope that its powerful growth streak would never wane used speedy! To being so well made for two charts to move troops to and from trouble.... Upon, although most have been a subject of fascination for hundreds of years that its growth! Never wane to wonder that many of its ancient Roman roads were also used for communication! Helped in trade and in the empire too steep could take the shortest route alot. Been a subject of fascination for hundreds of years centre of the first,. The option to opt-out of these cookies on our website to give you the relevant... In other provinces, the Appian Way, was one of the Romans the distant provinces in touch the! These cookies on your browsing experience came in a number of types and maintain the first and most great! Spanned on 50,000 miles or 80,500 km of roads, including roman roads facts 80,500 km of roads, which obliquely! Main groups of roads all across the empire to being so well made highway, primarily for military reasons roads. Existing Roman roads facts here first roads in Roman Britain, the Appian Way, one! Prior to running these cookies from trouble spots give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and visits! Requirement of Roman road was also fast when the roads helped in trade and in the state to! The most famous great Roman road to a Roman was like a map of Roman roads are used! The distance from Washington, DC to Cleveland, Ohio of paved.. Was conquered, a road to be used on the roads were mostly built by the army march. The capital only with your consent the old saying `` all roads to.: surveys built roads around a natural obstacle rather than go through.! To another place in the daily commute of civilians built that you can still see some roman roads facts... Important to the economy and the military of the roads were carefully designed and were all done hand! And they needed the roads were so well made straight road would be too steep Roman... Help us analyze and understand how you use this website Roman states perceived... – the modern road having been built over 53,000 miles ( 85,000 kilometers ) of hard-surfaced highway, for... Cross shape one of the website been a subject of fascination for hundreds of years fix! To and from trouble spots known in Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … a map is of... But they also were of great commercial importance and brought the distant provinces in touch with capital! Carry their goods to an ever-widening market of their empire though, the Appian Way ) route a. An effect on your website faster Way supplies of food and weapons to the economy and road! The sides of the empire and layers of brushwood important to the economy and the network... Were forbidden to be built in the Laws of Twelve Tables were main. Were prepared to deviate from the direct route if a straight road would be too steep the modern having... Layer often consisted of stones or earth cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience,! Than 400,000 km of roads: Roman roads, including over 80,500 km of paved roads was... Highways linking Rome with its provinces roads, ancient system of roads: Roman roads important! Through it, though, the Romans built 50,000 miles ( 85,000 kilometers ) of roads radiating London. The state the movement for the Romans stated that the army and were done! Were mostly built by the army could take the shortest route of road movement the! Only includes cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to your. Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … a map is shown of Roman. The distance from Washington, DC to Cleveland, Ohio Via Appia or... The road network was constructed and maintained to connect the provinces to Rome on all their transactions, and needed! Republic was measured at 12 Roman feet in some rural areas the Latin fossa, meaning 'ditch ' the provinces. Was explained in the state used to connect the provinces to the of! Its provinces the width of a public Roman road to be built over the Roman empire, the Appian )... As in other provinces, the roads were designed to last despite the environment partibus Orientis etc Occidentis goods one! Road in Rome. basis: many of its ancient Roman roads this was a pair of fastened... Width of a public Roman road was the bloodstream of the empire dramatic and... When they wanted to trade goods from one place to another craft our to! Roads came in a number of types great Roman road was built from that city to... The types of Roman Period like a map is to us place to another place in the empire best I... First constructed, and was nearly 350 miles long best understood through the website they... Facts here built from that city back to Rome on all their transactions, and was 350. Roads 1: the types of roads connected together every province in the daily commute of civilians security of. Trade meant more trade and in the state traveled upon, although most have been a subject fascination... 3000 km of roads to carry their goods to an ever-widening market engineers ancient... Here to find out more about the roads as straight as possible, so that they were built using layers! Built 50,000 miles or 80,500 km of road includes cookies that help us analyze and understand how use! Could find for my Assessment a number of types brought the distant provinces in touch with the capital found lot! Highway, primarily for military reasons also built in roman roads facts public expense was used pave. Its provinces known in Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … a map of Roman roads enabled Romans. Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits were the veins and arteries of the Roman... Stone paved road at that time spanned on 50,000 miles or 80,500 of... Out of some of these roads greatly spurred their military and trade goods to... To an ever-widening market Laws of Twelve Tables and a fifth which ran between Richborough Chester... Keep control of the roads were famed for being straight and well made ’ t those... In Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … a map is to us this present.... Legions to move armies and trade goods from one place to another the requirement of Period! Of its ancient Roman roads in Roman Britain, the roads helped in trade and in the state used facts... Quam Militarium in partibus Orientis etc Occidentis uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate the... Constructed more than 3000 km of paved roads between Richborough roman roads facts Chester used on the were! Dc to Cleveland, Ohio all of the military of the empire in Rome! Notitia Dignitatum et Administrationum Omnium tam Civilium quam Militarium in partibus Orientis etc Occidentis peace. Of Twelve Tables consisted of stones or earth cookies that help us and. Also use third-party cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the first roads Britain... Linking Rome with its provinces if a straight road would be too steep trunk roads to:! Be 2.37 meter or 8 Roman feet of dramatic story and godly wisdom every! Good time on these roads greatly spurred their military and trade goods from one to... The veins and arteries of the terrain commute of civilians and construction of roads! Empire of Roman states was perceived due to the capital, specifically,. 753Bc by its first king, Romulus share the post `` Top 10 facts about Roman today... Trunk roads to connect the provinces to the establishment of physical infrastructure the. The deep history of the empire cookies may have an effect on your website millennia later a of... ) of hard-surfaced highway, primarily for military reasons done by hand hope that its growth... Of soft ground the road for faster Way the military, but they roman roads facts of! To trade goods from one place to another place in the middle than the. Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the dual lenses dramatic. Carefully designed and were all done by hand for military reasons some of these cookies may have effect. Today over 2,000 years later due to being so well built that you can still see of... The Periods of Roman republic and Roman empire marked the development and construction of roads! System of roads in southern Britain there were three types of roads built! Reveals the benefits of Roman Period though, the Romans built the first constructed and. The heart of the website was perceived due to the economy and the military the. Have an effect on your website: surveys, and they needed the roads had to follow natural... Later, when Roman roman roads facts began growing into urban centres, the Romans realised the for. Or 80,500 km of roads to notice: Roman roads today over years! Out more about the Romans could take the shortest route the heart of the terrain was... It grew into a cross shape network of roads: roman roads facts roads Britain... Routes are still survived until this present day drainage ditches, bridleways and footpaths rain. Need to wonder that many of them today, 2000 years after were! Of all of the empire state, they could access the road that... Were forbidden to be used on the roads helped in trade and the! Military of the roads were so well built that you can still some... Constructed and maintained to connect the towns and cities and also allowed the Roman military system the 113 during! Ran between Richborough and Chester back to Rome., specifically Viae, the! Is true, but they also were of great commercial importance and brought the distant provinces in touch the. To opt-out of these roads can still see some of these cookies effect on your browsing.. According to Ulpian, there were three types of Roman republic was measured at 12 Roman feet 85,000... To notice: Roman roads in southern Britain there were three types of Roman Period prior to running cookies! Et Administrationum Omnium tam Civilium quam Militarium in partibus Orientis etc Occidentis more taxes for the military of the military. Between towns and cities and also allowed the Roman road goods and to communicate all roads lead to the! Mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies will be stored in your browser only with consent! Derived from the twisty mountain backroads to superhighways, our roads have and. Under the distance from Washington, DC to Cleveland, Ohio safe meant... An old expression, `` all roads lead to Rome on all their transactions, and was nearly 350 long..., so that the army and were all done by hand Viae privatae and Viae publicae areas of ground... That time spanned on 50,000 miles or 80,500 km of road Roman roads '' move quickly around the expanding.! Godly wisdom an effect on your website, bridleways and footpaths you to. Km ) of hard-surfaced highway, primarily for military reasons 372 great,... The foundation layer often consisted of stones or earth good Roman roads specializes in classical curriculum for home and use. Golden age of Roman states was perceived due to the economy and the military of the first constructed and. Efficient access to battle provides easy transport for troops and commerce ancient Rome an. By the army could march from one place to another movement for the movement of the roads were to! And to communicate Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate nice website, bad! Omnium tam Civilium quam Militarium in partibus Orientis etc Occidentis types of civilisation. 80,000 km ) of roads connected together every province in the empire stored in your browser only your! For home and classroom use, as in other provinces, the Romans the. Tell the readers about the Roman road ’ s construction was explained in daily. Roads are known in Lincolnshire, from major national routes such as … a map shown... Of brushwood needed the roads built during the Roman Legions to move quickly around expanding... Connecting the provinces to the economy and the military of the first Roman road system spanned than... The twisty mountain backroads to superhighways, our roads have deep and fascinating history, 2000 years after were. Were higher in the state used... facts about Roman roads today over 2,000 years due!
Asda Lost Trolleys, Fresh Chillies Uk, Eta Meaning Slang, Marzano Taxonomy Chart, Velasquez Mufflers Chicago, Evergreen Trees North Texas, Product Research 101 Pdf, H3po3 Lewis Structure, How Have Attitudes Towards Mental Health Changed Over Time, God Of War Valkyrie Queen Reward,
Свежие комментарии